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Differential screw
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Differential screw : ウィキペディア英語版
Differential screw

A differential screw is a mechanism used for making small, precise adjustments to the spacing between two objects (such as in focusing a microscope,〔("A ONE-DOLLAR COMPOUND MICROSCOPE" )〕 moving the anvils of a micrometer, or positioning optics〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tutorials: Opto-Mechanical Components, Translation Stages, Drive Options )〕). A differential screw uses a spindle with two screw threads of differing leads (aka thread pitch), and possibly opposite handedness, on which two nuts move. As the spindle rotates, the space between the nuts changes based on the difference between the threads. These mechanisms allow extremely small adjustments using commonly available screws. A differential screw mechanism using two nuts incurs higher friction and therefore requires more torque to turn than a simple, single lead screw with an equivalent pitch.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.codecogs.com/reference/engineering/the_theory__of__machines/screw_threads.php#sec8 )
==Examples==

Many differential screw configurations are possible. The micrometer adjuster pictured uses a nut sleeve with different inner and outer thread pitches to connect a screw on the adjusting rod end with threads inside the main barrel; as the thimble rotates the nut sleeve, the rod and barrel move relative to each other based on the differential between the threads.
Another arrangement holds the two "nuts" co-axially in a single fixture and has two separate screws with slightly different pitches (length between threads) entering from opposite ends. The "heads" of the screws are fixed to the two objects whose spacing is to be adjusted. Each rotation of the fixture holding the nuts moves one screw into its nut by a small amount and moves the other screw out of its nut by a slightly larger amount. The total spacing between the screws, and thus the objects, will be slightly changed based on the difference in travel between the two screws.
More arrangements are possible. Two nuts can be fixed to each of to objects to be adjusted and the two screw heads attached to each other in the middle. The combined screws would be turned to adjust the spacing in that case.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「Differential screw」の詳細全文を読む



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